Analysis of the effects of new cigarette generations on indoor air quality

Electronic cigarette (EC) and heat-not-burn tobacco (HNBT) use has increased among adult demographics as popular nicotine delivery systems (NDS). Although considered less polluting and healthier than traditional tobacco, they are a source of indoor air pollutants which may cause health impacts on humans.
This study assessed the effects on indoor air quality of traditional tobacco cigarettes and new generation cigarette alternatives (Vapes and IQOS) in cars and homes, to determine the differences on their potential effects on human health.
Measurements of particles, black carbon, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were performed with direct reading equipment. In homes, a control scenario was recorded for 2 hours. Afterwards, each NDS was continuously measured for 2 hours divided into eight 15-minute intervals. In vehicles, measurements were made in a 4.95 km route with monitors in the back seat of the car with two occupants. A repetition consisted of three laps around the route: Lap A was performed with all windows opened and no smoking; Lap B was evaluated with all windows closed and the driver’s opened halfway with no smoking, and Lap C was assessed with all windows closed except the driver’s with smoking. Per NDS, three repetitions were made.
In homes, traditional cigarettes (TC) presented higher average particulate matter and ultrafine particles concentrations, then EC. IQOS had the lowest concentrations. In cars, particulate matter concentrations were higher for menthol and traditional cigarettes, followed by vapes. IQOS had the overall lowest concentrations with similar to control levels. In both scenarios, CO2 showed no increase directly associated to NDS, but increased due to a higher respiration rate associated with smoking. Only TC increased CO concentrations.

Type of publication: Master Thesis of the Integrated Master in Environmental Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.